![]() The Cashel function was less effective than other measures in identifying positive impression management, although it appears to also have promise as an indicator of malingering. The 344 PAI items constitute 22 non-overlapping scales covering the constructs most relevant to a broad-based assessment of mental disorders: 4 validity scales. ![]() The Rogers function was particularly effective in identifying malingering. All six indicators demonstrated the ability to distinguish between actual and feigned responding. Comparisons between groups were accomplished through the examination of effect sizes and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Protocols of students asked to malinger were compared with those of actual clinical patients, while protocols of students asked to manage their impression in a positive direction were compared with those of students asked to respond honestly. The six indicators were the PAI Positive Impression (PIM) and Negative Impression (NIM) scales, the Malingering and Defensiveness Indexes, and two discriminant functions, one developed by Cashel and the other by Rogers. The characteristics of six different indicators of response distortion on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI Morey, 1991) were evaluated by having college students complete the PAI under positive impression management, malingering, and honest responding conditions. Use of the Personality Assessment Inventory in Police and Security Personnel Selection (From Personality Assessment in Police Psychology: A 21st Century.
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